Evaluación de la percepción de riesgo
Salinger, J. D.
A coesão no naipe orquestral de violino : identificação de competências individuais a desenvolver na aula de violino
Type
masterThesis
Creator
Identifier
202921433
Title
A coesão no naipe orquestral de violino : identificação de competências individuais a desenvolver na aula de violino
Contributor
Trindade, Augusto Daniel de Oliveira
Vasconcelos, Nuno Rocha de
Vasconcelos, Nuno Rocha de
Subject
Coesão de grupo
Coesão sonora
Naipe orquestral
Violinista de orquestra
Aula individual de violino
Group cohesion
Sound cohesion
Orchestral section
Orchestral violinist
Individual violin lesson
Domínio/Área Científica : Humanidades
Coesão sonora
Naipe orquestral
Violinista de orquestra
Aula individual de violino
Group cohesion
Sound cohesion
Orchestral section
Orchestral violinist
Individual violin lesson
Domínio/Área Científica : Humanidades
Date
2022-02-02T11:49:20Z
2022-02-02T11:49:20Z
2022
2022
2022-02-02T11:49:20Z
2022
2022
Description
O presente relatório de estágio inclui, em primeiro lugar, uma descrição da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada realizada no ano letivo de 2019-2020, na Academia de Música de Lisboa. Numa segunda parte é estudada a temática da coesão no naipe orquestral, com vista à identificação de competências individuais a desenvolver, no contexto da aula de Violino, para que seja possível a coesão no naipe.
A coesão de grupo é considerada uma característica marcante de grupos funcionais e eficazes, estando associada a uma série de benefícios para o grupo e seus elementos (Severt & Estrada, 2015). A prática orquestral pressupõe a coordenação técnica e musical da execução de vários músicos, pelo que se torna essencial um certo nível de coesão de grupo e de coesão sonora. Em cada um dos naipes de cordas ocorre, em regra, a execução de uma mesma parte musical, em simultâneo e em uníssono, por um grupo de instrumentistas. Assim, assume-se a coesão sonora como sendo fundamental para a criação de um som de naipe de qualidade.
Nesta investigação, parte-se da convicção de que é importante o violinista possuir certas competências individuais que lhe permitam o ajuste do seu desempenho às necessidades do grupo. A hipótese defendida é de que essas competências poderão ser preparadas na aula de Violino, uma vez que a relação dual que se estabelece entre professor e aluno dotará o professor de uma capacidade privilegiada para orientar o aluno e aferir a sua evolução no que diz respeito à aquisição das competências essenciais para a inserção deste num naipe orquestral.
Definem-se os conceitos de coesão de grupo e de coesão sonora, assumindo-se como vertentes da coesão de grupo aquelas indicadas por Severt e Estrada (2015) (vertentes interpessoal, do orgulho de grupo, social e da tarefa), e propondo-se como dimensões da coesão sonora o sincronismo, a afinação, a fusão e o equilíbrio. Através de um inquérito por questionário realizado a 124 violinistas e maestros com experiência em orquestra ao nível profissional ou académico em Portugal, foi possível perceber quais as dimensões da coesão de grupo apresentadas por Severt e Estrada (2015) que os músicos consideram relevantes no naipe orquestral e esclarecer a opinião dos músicos relativamente a certos aspetos da coesão sonora. Concluiu-se que todas as vertentes são relevantes, e que coexistem, no universo profissional e académico português, várias linhas de pensamento sobre certos aspetos da coesão sonora. Os resultados sugerem, também, que a coesão não estará a ser abordada de uma forma sistematizada e uniforme no contexto formativo.
Por fim, apresenta-se uma série de competências individuais que o violinista deverá desenvolver para que seja possível a coesão no naipe e defende-se que a abordagem destas competências seria feita, idealmente, segundo uma perspetiva multidisciplinar que combine as aulas de Instrumento, Música de Câmara e Orquestra.
Abstract : This internship report includes, firstly, a description of the Supervised Teaching Practice undertaken during the academic year 2019-2020, at Academia de Música de Lisboa. In the second part we study the issue of cohesion in an orchestral section, with the purpose of identifying individual competences that the violinist should develop, in the context of the Violin lesson, for cohesion to be possible in the violin section. Group cohesion is considered an important characteristic of highly functional groups, being associated with several benefits for group members and the group itself (Severt & Estrada, 2015). Orchestral performance entails technical and musical coordination between several musicians, which requires some level of group cohesion and sound cohesion. In each string section, musicians usually perform the same musical part, simultaneously and in unison. Therefore, sound cohesion is considered fundamental for the creation of a high-quality section sound. In this research, we assume that a violinist should exhibit certain individual competences that allow them to adjust their performance to the group’s needs. The proposed thesis is that these competences may be prepared in the Violin lesson, as the dual relationship that is established between teacher and student gives the teacher a better capacity to guide the student and assess their progress regarding the acquisition of competences required for their integration in an orchestral section. We clarify the concepts of group cohesion and sound cohesion, assuming as facets of group cohesion the ones presented by Severt & Estrada (2015) (interpersonal facet, group pride, social and task), and proposing synchronism, intonation, blend and balance as the dimensions of sound cohesion. Through a questionnaire presented to 124 violinists and conductors with experience in an orchestral setting in Portugal (whether in professional or student orchestras), it was possible to determine which of the facets of group cohesion proposed by Severt and Estrada (2015) are considered relevant in the orchestral section. It was also possible to clarify the musicians’ opinion about several aspects of sound cohesion. We concluded that all the facets are relevant and that several lines of thought regarding certain aspects of sound cohesion coexist in the professional and academic setting in Portugal. The results suggest that cohesion might not be taught in a systematic and uniform way in the educational context. To conclude, we present a series of individual competences that the violinist should develop for cohesion to be possible in the violin section. It is defended that the teaching of these competences should be done according to a multidisciplinary view, combining Violin lessons with Chamber Music and Orchestra.
Abstract : This internship report includes, firstly, a description of the Supervised Teaching Practice undertaken during the academic year 2019-2020, at Academia de Música de Lisboa. In the second part we study the issue of cohesion in an orchestral section, with the purpose of identifying individual competences that the violinist should develop, in the context of the Violin lesson, for cohesion to be possible in the violin section. Group cohesion is considered an important characteristic of highly functional groups, being associated with several benefits for group members and the group itself (Severt & Estrada, 2015). Orchestral performance entails technical and musical coordination between several musicians, which requires some level of group cohesion and sound cohesion. In each string section, musicians usually perform the same musical part, simultaneously and in unison. Therefore, sound cohesion is considered fundamental for the creation of a high-quality section sound. In this research, we assume that a violinist should exhibit certain individual competences that allow them to adjust their performance to the group’s needs. The proposed thesis is that these competences may be prepared in the Violin lesson, as the dual relationship that is established between teacher and student gives the teacher a better capacity to guide the student and assess their progress regarding the acquisition of competences required for their integration in an orchestral section. We clarify the concepts of group cohesion and sound cohesion, assuming as facets of group cohesion the ones presented by Severt & Estrada (2015) (interpersonal facet, group pride, social and task), and proposing synchronism, intonation, blend and balance as the dimensions of sound cohesion. Through a questionnaire presented to 124 violinists and conductors with experience in an orchestral setting in Portugal (whether in professional or student orchestras), it was possible to determine which of the facets of group cohesion proposed by Severt and Estrada (2015) are considered relevant in the orchestral section. It was also possible to clarify the musicians’ opinion about several aspects of sound cohesion. We concluded that all the facets are relevant and that several lines of thought regarding certain aspects of sound cohesion coexist in the professional and academic setting in Portugal. The results suggest that cohesion might not be taught in a systematic and uniform way in the educational context. To conclude, we present a series of individual competences that the violinist should develop for cohesion to be possible in the violin section. It is defended that the teaching of these competences should be done according to a multidisciplinary view, combining Violin lessons with Chamber Music and Orchestra.
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openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Language
por
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