La sila o mieleta del peral
Espanha, Ministério de Agricultura, Pescas y Alimentación
dep. leg. 1983
Estudo de fatores associados à produção de pigmentos de origem microbiana em queijos laborados com leite cru
Type
masterThesis
Creator
Identifier
202515443
Title
Estudo de fatores associados à produção de pigmentos de origem microbiana em queijos laborados com leite cru
Contributor
Pintado, Cristina Maria Baptista Santos
Pintado, Cristina José Miguel
Pintado, Cristina José Miguel
Subject
Caldo de queijo
Serratia marcescens
Yarrowia lipolytica
Pseudomonas putida
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Defeitos de cor
Cheese broth
Color defects
Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Agrárias
Serratia marcescens
Yarrowia lipolytica
Pseudomonas putida
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Defeitos de cor
Cheese broth
Color defects
Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Agrárias
Date
2020-09-07T17:54:08Z
2020-09-07T17:54:08Z
2020
2020-09-07T17:54:08Z
2020
Description
O estudo dos fatores que promovem o desenvolvimento dos defeitos de cor que têm afetado muitos queijos de diferentes regiões de Portugal é essencial para que estes se possam controlar. Assim, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi contribuir para o avanço no estudo deste problema de grande complexidade.
Foram delineados dois ensaios usando um meio de cultura à base de queijo (Caldo de Queijo, CQ), e quatro estirpes microbianas previamente selecionadas por produzirem pigmentos de cor rosa (Serratia marcescens ESACB 734) ou castanho (Yarrowia lipolytica ISA 1668, Pseudomonas putida ESACB 191 e Achromobacter xylosoxidans ESACB 132). Pretendeu-se avaliar o desenvolvimento e evolução da cor considerando diferentes fatores: 1) Estirpe de microrganismo (três bactérias e uma levedura, referidas acima), inoculadas isoladamente ou em consórcio; 2) Carga microbiana (baixa, intermédia e elevada); 3) Grau de maturação do queijo (1 e 30 dias); 4) Tempo (0 a 18 dias); 5) Temperatura (110C e 280C). A monitorização da cor foi efetuada recorrendo a um colorímetro, a registo fotográfico e ao catálogo NCS Color. Para além da cor foi igualmente feita a contagem (Log UFC/mL) dos microrganismos inoculados.
A análise dos resultados permite-nos afirmar que o grau de maturação do queijo não teve um efeito significativo (p>0,05) nas contagens de S. marcescens, P. putida + A. xylosoxidans e Y. lipolytica, verificando-se uma evolução similar em CQ1 e em CQ30. Pelo contrário, a carga microbiana mostrou ter um efeito significativo (p≤0,05) para as contagens de S. marcescens e para P. putida + A. xylosoxidans.
Considerando a estirpe microbiana, constatámos que todas provocaram alterações de cor no Caldo de Queijo compatíveis com o que era esperado, de forma mais ou menos exuberante, o que prova que este caldo é uma boa matriz para substituir o queijo em ensaios em que se pretenda avaliar a produção de pigmentos. Uma vez que nos Caldos de Queijo não inoculados não houve qualquer desenvolvimento de cor, conseguimos provar que as alterações de cor observadas são de origem microbiana.
Verificou-se uma tendência para um aumento da intensidade da cor ao longo do tempo, em função do aumento da carga microbiana inicial (8 Log UFC/mL associada a cores mais intensas) e em função do grau de maturação do queijo (CQ30 associado a cores mais intensas do que CQ1). Comparando as duas temperaturas testadas, verificou-se que 28˚C é mais favorável à expressão e intensificação da cor.
Considerando os consórcios, observou-se que não há diferenças nas contagens quando os microrganismos estão isolados ou em consórcio, à exceção do consórcio de A. xylosoxidans com S. marcescens, em que se verifica uma redução significativa do Log UFC/mL de A. xylosoxidans quando esta cresce conjuntamente com S. marcescens.
O registo da cor recorrendo ao catálogo NCS Color mostrou ser mais adequado do que o registo fotográfico. A análise das coordenadas de cromaticidade a* e b* mostrou-se compatível com as cores observadas.
Abstract : The study of the factors that promote the development of color defects affecting many cheeses from different regions of Portugal is essential to control them. So the main objective of this work was to contribute to the progress in the study of this highly complex problem. Were delineated two trials using a cheese-based culture medium (Cheese Broth, CQ), and four microbial strains previously selected for producing pink pigments (Serratia marcescens ESACB 734)or brown (Yarrowia lipolytica ISA 1668, Pseudomonas putida ESACB 191 and Achromobacter xylosoxidans ESACB 132). It was intended to evaluate the development and evolution of color considering different factors: 1) Strain of microorganism (three bacteria and one yeast, mentioned above), inoculated alone or in consortium; 2) Microbial load (low, intermediate and high); 3) Degree of cheese maturation (1 and 30 days); 4) Time (0 to 18 days); 5) Temperature (11˚C and 28˚C). Color monitoring was carried out using a colorimeter, a photographic record and the NCS Color catalog. Beyond the color it was equally done the counting (Log UFC/mL) of the inoculated microorganisms. The analysis of the results allows to affirm that the degree of maturation of the cheese did not have significant effect (p>0,05) in the counts of S. marcescens, P. putida + A. xylosoxidans e Y. lipolytica, verifying a similar evolution in the CQ1 and CQ30 broths. On the contrary, the microbial load shown to have a significant effect (p≤0,05) for the counts of S. marcescens and P. putida + A. xylosoxidans. Considering the microbial strain, we found that all are responsable for color changes in the Cheese Broth compatible with what was expected, in form more or less exuberant, which proves that this broth is a good matrix to replace cheese in traials that intend to evaluate the pigment production. Since in the non-inoculated Cheese Broths there was no color development, we were able to prove that the color changes observed are of microbial origin. It was verified a trend towards an increase in color intensity over time, in function of increased initial microbial load (8 Log UFC / mL associated with more intense colors) and depending on the degree of maturation of the cheese (CQ30 associated with more intense colors than CQ1). Comparing the two temperatures tested, it was found that 28˚C is more favorable to the expression and intensification of the color. Considering the consortium, it was observed that there are no differences in counts when the microorganisms are isolated or in consortium, with the exception of the consortium of A. xylosoxidans with S. marcescens, in which there is a significant reduction in the Log UFC / mL of A. xylosoxidans when it grows together with S. marcescens. Color registration using the NCS Color catalog proved to be more suitable than the photographic record. The analysis of chromaticity coordinates a * and b * proved to be compatible with the observed colors.
Abstract : The study of the factors that promote the development of color defects affecting many cheeses from different regions of Portugal is essential to control them. So the main objective of this work was to contribute to the progress in the study of this highly complex problem. Were delineated two trials using a cheese-based culture medium (Cheese Broth, CQ), and four microbial strains previously selected for producing pink pigments (Serratia marcescens ESACB 734)or brown (Yarrowia lipolytica ISA 1668, Pseudomonas putida ESACB 191 and Achromobacter xylosoxidans ESACB 132). It was intended to evaluate the development and evolution of color considering different factors: 1) Strain of microorganism (three bacteria and one yeast, mentioned above), inoculated alone or in consortium; 2) Microbial load (low, intermediate and high); 3) Degree of cheese maturation (1 and 30 days); 4) Time (0 to 18 days); 5) Temperature (11˚C and 28˚C). Color monitoring was carried out using a colorimeter, a photographic record and the NCS Color catalog. Beyond the color it was equally done the counting (Log UFC/mL) of the inoculated microorganisms. The analysis of the results allows to affirm that the degree of maturation of the cheese did not have significant effect (p>0,05) in the counts of S. marcescens, P. putida + A. xylosoxidans e Y. lipolytica, verifying a similar evolution in the CQ1 and CQ30 broths. On the contrary, the microbial load shown to have a significant effect (p≤0,05) for the counts of S. marcescens and P. putida + A. xylosoxidans. Considering the microbial strain, we found that all are responsable for color changes in the Cheese Broth compatible with what was expected, in form more or less exuberant, which proves that this broth is a good matrix to replace cheese in traials that intend to evaluate the pigment production. Since in the non-inoculated Cheese Broths there was no color development, we were able to prove that the color changes observed are of microbial origin. It was verified a trend towards an increase in color intensity over time, in function of increased initial microbial load (8 Log UFC / mL associated with more intense colors) and depending on the degree of maturation of the cheese (CQ30 associated with more intense colors than CQ1). Comparing the two temperatures tested, it was found that 28˚C is more favorable to the expression and intensification of the color. Considering the consortium, it was observed that there are no differences in counts when the microorganisms are isolated or in consortium, with the exception of the consortium of A. xylosoxidans with S. marcescens, in which there is a significant reduction in the Log UFC / mL of A. xylosoxidans when it grows together with S. marcescens. Color registration using the NCS Color catalog proved to be more suitable than the photographic record. The analysis of chromaticity coordinates a * and b * proved to be compatible with the observed colors.
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Language
por
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