O incêndio
Soldati, Mário
cop. 1981
Diversidade genética de isolados bacterianos de Pseudomonas e géneros afins relacionados com defeitos de cor em queijo.
Type
masterThesis
Creator
Identifier
201810492
Title
Diversidade genética de isolados bacterianos de Pseudomonas e géneros afins relacionados com defeitos de cor em queijo.
Contributor
Pintado, Cristina Maria Baptista Santos
Subject
Pseudomonas spp.
Queijo feito com leite cru
Escurecimento da casca
RAPD
Cheese made with raw milk
Browning of bark
Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Agrárias::Biotecnologia Agrária e Alimentar
Queijo feito com leite cru
Escurecimento da casca
RAPD
Cheese made with raw milk
Browning of bark
Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Agrárias::Biotecnologia Agrária e Alimentar
Date
2018-01-07T20:55:54Z
2018-01-07T20:55:54Z
2017
2018-01-07T20:55:54Z
2017
Description
O escurecimento da casca do queijo é um problema que tem afetado alguns produtores de queijo em Portugal, e em particular na região da Beira Baixa, levando a uma quebra nas vendas e, consequentemente, a elevados prejuízos económicos. Em estudos efetuados em França, onde os defeitos de cor na superfície dos queijos têm sido estudados, o género Pseudomonas foi identificado como um importante agente deste tipo de alteração. Em Portugal não são conhecidos estudos similares. Assim, este trabalho teve como principal
objetivo o isolamento, num meio de cultura seletivo para Pseudomonas spp., e posterior caracterização de isolados bacterianos provenientes de uma queijaria da zona do Fundão e respetivos fornecedores de leite, com o intuito de identificar as bactérias que estão associadas ao escurecimento e verificar possíveis vias de contaminação a elas associadas, considerando toda a cadeia de produção do queijo. Foram caracterizados um total de 252 isolados com origem em amostras de leite cru (ovelha, cabra e vaca) usado na produção de
queijo, água usada nas explorações produtoras de leite para a higienização do material de ordenha, queijos com defeitos de cor, zaragatoas de superfícies e manipuladores da queijaria e cinta de pano. Após a realização das provas de confirmação (oxidase negativa e ausência de fermentação da glucose), todos os isolados foram inoculados em meio de cultura King B (fluorescência) e em Agar Queijo com e sem tirosina (escurecimento). Em alguns casos realizou-se ainda o teste de suscetibilidade a antibióticos, a prova de hemólise e a identificação por meio da inoculação de galerias API 20NE. Por último foi realizada a todos os
isolados a caracterização molecular usando a técnica Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) com os primers csM13 e PH. Os perfis foram depois analisados no programa BioNumerics e foram obtidos dendrogramas com base no coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para avaliação das relações de similaridade.
O género predominantemente identificado foi Pseudomonas, com 64,8% sobre o total de identificações, e P. fluorescens foi a espécie predominante (39,1%), seguida de P. putida (23,3%) e P. aeruginosa (2,7%). A maioria dos isolados foi sensível aos antibióticos ceftazidima, ciprofloxacina, gentamicina, imipinem, pirperacilina + tazobactam. Verificou-se resistência à ampicilina (60,6%) e à penicilina G (60%).
A análise RAPD revelou uma grande diversidade de perfis. Os isolados com identificação Pseudomonas spp. encontram-se associados a todas as origens (água, leite cru, queijo, superfícies), não ocorrendo a formação de clusters constituídos por isolados de uma só origem. A grande quantidade de clusters demonstra uma grande diversidade de perfis entre as espécies. Os isolados com capacidade de provocar escurecimento nos queijos, pertencentes ao género Pseudomonas e a outros géneros afins, também se encontram disseminados por todas as origens e distribuídos ao longo de todos os clusters formados no dendrograma composite. Apesar da complexidade do tema e da grande diversidade de perfis obtidos, os dados obtidos neste trabalho parecem mostrar que os isolados provenientes da casca de queijos com defeitos de cor estão particularmente associados a isolados do ambiente da queijaria, onde estes podem persistir devido à sua capacidade para formar biofilmes.
Abstract The browning of the cheese bark is a problem that has affected some cheese producers in Portugal, and particularly in the Beira Baixa region, leading to a fall in sales and, consequently, high economic losses. In studies carried out in France, where color defects on the cheeses surface have been studied, the genus Pseudomonas has been identified as na important agent of this type of alteration. Similar studies aren`t known in Portugal. The main objective of this work was the isolation, in a culture medium selective for Pseudomonas spp., and subsequent characterization of bacterial isolates from a cheese-making industry in the Fundão area and respective milk suppliers, in order to identify the bacteria that are associated to the browning and to verify possible routes of contamination to them associated, considering all the chain of production of the cheese. A total of 252 isolates originated from samples of raw milk (sheep, goat and cow) used in the production of cheese, water used in milk farms for the hygiene of milking material, cheeses with color defects, surfaces and manipulators of the cheese shop and cloth tape. After the confirmatory tests (oxidase negative and absence of glucose fermentation), all the isolates were inoculated in King B culture medium (fluorescence) and Cheese agar with and without tyrosine (browning). In some cases the antibiotic susceptibility test, the hemolysis test and the identification through the inoculation of API 20NE galleries were also carried out. Finally, the molecular characterization using the Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was carried out with primers csM13 and PH. The profiles were then analyzed in the BioNumerics program and dendrograms were obtained based on the Pearson correlation coefficient for the evaluation of the similarity relations. The predominant genus was Pseudomonas, with 64,8% of total identifications, and P. fluorescens was the predominant species (39,1%), followed by P. putida (23,3%) and P. aeruginosa (2,7%). Most of the isolates were sensitive to the antibiotics ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipinem, pirperacillin + tazobactam. Resistance to ampicillin (60,6%) and penicillin G (60%) were found. The RAPD analysis revealed a great diversity of profiles. The isolates with Pseudomonas spp. identification are associated to all origins (water, raw milk, cheese, surfaces), and the formation of clusters consisting of isolates from a single origin does not occur. The large number of clusters shows a great diversity of profiles between species. The isolates with the ability to cause browning in the cheese belonging to the genus Pseudomonas and other related genus are also disseminated by all origins and distributed throughout all the clusters formed in the composite dendrogram. In spite of the complexity of the subject and the great diversity of profiles obtained, the data obtained in this work seem to show that the isolates coming from the bark of cheeses with color defects are particularly associated with isolates from the environment of the cheese-making industry, where these may persist due to their capacity to form biofilms.
Abstract The browning of the cheese bark is a problem that has affected some cheese producers in Portugal, and particularly in the Beira Baixa region, leading to a fall in sales and, consequently, high economic losses. In studies carried out in France, where color defects on the cheeses surface have been studied, the genus Pseudomonas has been identified as na important agent of this type of alteration. Similar studies aren`t known in Portugal. The main objective of this work was the isolation, in a culture medium selective for Pseudomonas spp., and subsequent characterization of bacterial isolates from a cheese-making industry in the Fundão area and respective milk suppliers, in order to identify the bacteria that are associated to the browning and to verify possible routes of contamination to them associated, considering all the chain of production of the cheese. A total of 252 isolates originated from samples of raw milk (sheep, goat and cow) used in the production of cheese, water used in milk farms for the hygiene of milking material, cheeses with color defects, surfaces and manipulators of the cheese shop and cloth tape. After the confirmatory tests (oxidase negative and absence of glucose fermentation), all the isolates were inoculated in King B culture medium (fluorescence) and Cheese agar with and without tyrosine (browning). In some cases the antibiotic susceptibility test, the hemolysis test and the identification through the inoculation of API 20NE galleries were also carried out. Finally, the molecular characterization using the Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was carried out with primers csM13 and PH. The profiles were then analyzed in the BioNumerics program and dendrograms were obtained based on the Pearson correlation coefficient for the evaluation of the similarity relations. The predominant genus was Pseudomonas, with 64,8% of total identifications, and P. fluorescens was the predominant species (39,1%), followed by P. putida (23,3%) and P. aeruginosa (2,7%). Most of the isolates were sensitive to the antibiotics ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipinem, pirperacillin + tazobactam. Resistance to ampicillin (60,6%) and penicillin G (60%) were found. The RAPD analysis revealed a great diversity of profiles. The isolates with Pseudomonas spp. identification are associated to all origins (water, raw milk, cheese, surfaces), and the formation of clusters consisting of isolates from a single origin does not occur. The large number of clusters shows a great diversity of profiles between species. The isolates with the ability to cause browning in the cheese belonging to the genus Pseudomonas and other related genus are also disseminated by all origins and distributed throughout all the clusters formed in the composite dendrogram. In spite of the complexity of the subject and the great diversity of profiles obtained, the data obtained in this work seem to show that the isolates coming from the bark of cheeses with color defects are particularly associated with isolates from the environment of the cheese-making industry, where these may persist due to their capacity to form biofilms.
Access restrictions
openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Language
por
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