Desporto e educação
Lino, Luís Sena
2006
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8 records were found.
As espécies exóticas invasoras são uma das principais causas de perda de
biodiversidade, afetando seriamente as atividades económicas e sociais em
espaço rural.
Em Portugal, as plantas lenhosas invasoras com maior impacto nas áreas
florestais são Acacia spp. ocupando cerca de 18.000 ha. O aumento
crescente deve-se, entre outros fatores, aos incêndios florestais, em que o
efeito do fogo estimula a germinação e o crescimento de novos rebentos.
O controlo destas invasoras é essencial, mas tem custos elevados. O projeto
multidisciplinar Acacia4FirePrev (https://www.acacia4fireprev.com/) procura
alternativas de valorização económica desta biomassa, visando diminuir os
custos do seu controlo. Porém, é indispensável aumentar a consciência
pública sobre o papel das acácias na alteração dos ecossistemas e no risco
de incêndio rural, através de ações de Ciência Cidadã (CC) e Educação
Ambiental (EA). Esta é uma das tarefas do projeto o qual procura: (i)
identificar lacunas de conhecimento para o desenvolvimento de programas
de educação e disseminação da informação; (ii) aumentar o envolvimento
das comunidades locais e escolares; (iii) envolver a população na
identificação das áreas invadidas por acácia e realização do seu controlo.
O projeto têm dinamizado várias atividades de CC e EA, a vários público alvo,
nomeadamente: (i) público em geral através de organização de ações
de identificação das acácias; (ii) profissionais, através da produção de um guia de identificação com a descrição das técnicas de controlo; (iii) escolas,
através do desenvolvimento de material didático para os alunos e
atividades de sensibilização e acolhimento para encarregados de educação;
(iv) representantes da comunidade em zonas de grandes áreas de acacial.
As atividades realizadas têm tido elevada aceitação, concluindo-se que o
debate, as oportunidades e os desafios desta abordagem, que conjuga CC e
EA, levam a uma melhor informação e consequentemente melhor controlo
desta invasora.
Caracterização do perfil fenólico em extratos de flores de acácia spp.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Cistus ladanifer L. exudes a phenolic and terpenoid resin with interesting bioactive and aromatic
properties. Despite its high abundance in the wild, this plant can be cultivated to advantage on oligotrophic
and trace-elements contaminated soils. Plant tissue culture may be used to produce specific metabolites
or for clonal propagation of specific genotypes for plantation. From a biotechnological perspective this
is the second study that has attempted in vitro propagation of C. ladanifer from adult plant material.
Its goal was to evaluate the potential of leaf and internodal stem explants from C. ladanifer for in vitro
tissue culture. Three plant growth regulators were tested: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D),
6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). From both explants, shoots were
regenerated under the influence of BAP (38%) and two types of compact calli were induced: dark green
calli were induced under the influence of BAP (above 70%) and light green calli were induced under the
influence of 2,4-D with or without BAP (100%). Light green calli grew between 558 and 708% during
subsequent subcultures and showed rhizogenic capacity when the amounts of BAP were lower than of
2.4-D, but they showed low potential for shoot organogenesis. Dark green calli were associated with shoot
organogenesis. The suitability of the two calli lines to produce metabolites and their transposition to
liquid cultures is worth further study in comparison to organ in vitro cultures.
Em Portugal, crescem espontaneamente espécies de Lavandula da secção
Stoechas Ging. Estas espécies são consideradas Plantas Aromáticas e Medicinais (PAM)
devido à produção de metabolitos secundários com propriedades terapêuticas e
aromáticas. Devido ao seu elevado polimorfismo e capacidade de hibridação na natureza,
torna-se importante o conhecimento e distinção entre as espécies e subespécies. Apesar
de alguns dos constituintes químicos serem compartilhados entre estas espécies, a
presença de outros e respetivas concentrações são exclusivas de cada uma e, por
conseguinte, a sua aplicação e uso também deve ser diferenciado. De forma a contribuir
para a diferenciação entre espécies e subespécies de Lavandula que crescem na região da
Beira Baixa (BB) recorreu-se aos referenciais morfológicos de Portugal e Península
Ibérica. Através da análise destes referenciais, pode-se concluir que existem alguns
parâmetros morfológicos destacados e/ou diferenciadores entre espécies e subespécies,
salientando-se o tamanho do pedúnculo e espiga e respetiva relação, o tamanho das
brácteas inférteis e a forma das brácteas férteis. Neste trabalho, são apresentados os
resultados da observação da maioria dos parâmetros diferenciadores, em 80 plantas
recolhidas na região da BB. De acordo com os resultados, entre as subespécies, a maioria
dos parâmetros são redundantes e comuns, pelo que a análise morfológica externa da
planta não demonstrou ser suficiente para distinguir as subespécies. Considerando a
evolução natural das espécies e polimorfismo, a integração de outros tipos de análises,
como a análise dos constituintes químicos e/ou estudos genéticos, tornam-se importantes
para a diferenciação das subespécies.
Many species of the so-called exotic plants coexist with native species in a balanced way,
but others thrive very quickly and escape human control, becoming harmful—these are called
invasive alien species. In addition to overcoming geographic barriers, these species can defeat
biotic and abiotic barriers, maintaining stable populations. Ailanthus altissima is no exception; it is
disseminated worldwide and is considered high risk due to its easy propagation and resistance to
external environmental factors. Currently, it has no particular use other than ornamental, even though
it is used to treat epilepsy, diarrhea, asthma, ophthalmic diseases, and seborrhoea in Chinese medicine.
Considering its rich composition in alkaloids, terpenoids, sterols, and flavonoids, doubtlessly, its
use in medicine or other fields can be maximised. This review will focus on the knowledge of the
chemical composition and the discovery of the biological properties of A. altissima to understand
this plant better and maximise its possible use for purposes such as medicine, pharmacy, or the food
industry. Methods for the extraction and detection to know the chemical composition will also be
discussed in detail.
Cistus ladanifer is a persistent, abundant and widespread underexplored resource in the Iberian Peninsula. The
seeds have been used as food for centuries, although their nutritional value and potential as food ingredients
have not been exploited until now. In this study seeds from natural shrubland were collected three times during
summer for two consecutive years. Analytical evaluation of the macronutrient content, fatty acids, and mineral
composition was performed. Regarding the macronutrients, seeds showed a carbohydrate content of 46.1 ±
1.6%, a fibre content of 20.9 ± 1.4%, a protein content of 16.2 ± 0.4%, a lipid content of 13.0 ± 1.1%, and an
ash content of 3.87 ± 0.16%. The fatty acids were found to be mostly unsaturated (74.05 ± 0.59%). Potassium
was the most abundant mineral (975 ± 53 mg/100 g) followed by phosphorous, magnesium and calcium. In
conclusion, several nutrient-related label claims may be used for C. ladanifer seeds as food ingredient. Compared to common cereals, nuts and seeds, C. ladanifer seeds are close to flax and chia seeds in relation to nutritional composition, and to pine nuts in relation to mineral composition.
Acacia spp. is an invasive species that is widespread throughout the Portuguese territory. Thus, it is pertinent to better understand this species in order to find different applications that will value its use. To evaluate the phenolic profile in Acacia flowers, ethanolic extracts obtained through an energized guided dispersive extraction were analysed, focusing on two species, Acacia
retinodes and Acacia mearnsii, at two flowering stages. The phytochemical profile of each extract was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector. The FTIR-ATR technique was used to distinguish the different samples’ compositions. The results showed the presence of high concentrations of phenolic compounds (>300 mg GAE/g extract), among which are flavonoids (>136 mg QE/g extract), for all combinations of species/flowering stages. The phytochemical profile showed a complex composition with 21 compounds identified and
quantified (the predominant ones being epicatechin, rutin, vanillin, and catechol). Both species and flowering stages presented significant variations regarding the presence and quantity of phenols and flavonoids, so much so that a principal component analysis performed with FTIR-ATR spectra data of the extracts was able to discriminate between species and flowering stages.